Nutritional Approaches of the Changing Consumer after the Pandemic: Sustainable Potential of Phytoene and Phytofluene for Photoprotection and Skin Health

Ascertaining sustainable endogenous nutrients for long-term healthy skin from the nutritional perspective of changing consumers, is an interesting method to prevent photoaging symptoms which are the main cause of skin aging. This narrative literature review aims to focus on the sustainable potential of phytoene (PT) and phytofluene (PTF) to engage in biological actions with photoprotection, dietary intervention, nutrition, stability, safety, and distinct structure of PT and PTF for skin health. As a result, this review demonstrates that dietary interventions of colourless carotenoids, PT and PTF, according to their distinct structural and biological actions, maximize the absorption of damaging light in the ultraviolet range unlike coloured carotenoids that have maximum absorption in the visible range. Furthermore, in addition to skin health, their distinct chemical structures and biological actions are attributed to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities and suggest the sustainable potential of PT and PTF to provide various additional health benefits, such as improving the immune system and cardiovascular health. "Healthy and beautiful skin starts from within”. It is hoped that dietary interventions of PT and PTF, along with topical photoprotection by sunscreen, will become better known to consumers as a nutritional approach to long-term basal protection/defense and complementary photoprotection and skin health strategies. © 2023 by the authors.

Writing Across Communities: Cultural Rhetorical Ecologies and Transcultural Citizenship in a Climate-Change COVID-19 Global Political Economy What type of face mask should we choose in coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic considering photoprotective effectiveness?

Writing Across Communities (WACommunities) represents a translingual/transcultural model of postsecondary US literacy education. After more than 15 years since the conceptualization and implementation of WACommunities, rapidly shifting socioeconomic, environmental, and geopolitical conditions, further complicated by the COVID-19 public health pandemic in 2020, underscore the relevance and efficacy of WACommunities pedagogies and practices. Growing populations of transnational migrant communities and environmental refugees, navigating limited resources and inequitable access to public education systems, illustrate that linguistic racism remains one of the most insidious and unaddressed obstacles to education for ethnolinguistically diverse student populations. While it is a basic tenet of linguistics that all languages are equal, it is an enduring social reality that not all languages have equal social value. This fact directly impacts student retention, graduation rates, and school placement for ethnolinguistically diverse groups?and, in turn, reproduces social inequality and restricts economic opportunities and political participation. In a climate-change pandemic global climate that most adversely impacts historically colonized socioeconomically vulnerable communities, Writing Across Communities advocates for transliteracy, cross-disciplinary K-16 language arts and writing-across-curriculum education that systemically enacts pedagogical practice engaging the intersections of public health, cultural health, and environmental issues. WACommunities principles and practices advance ethnolinguistic diversity as an integral feature to maintaining healthy human communities and supporting the emergence of new cultural rhetorical ecologies. As an alternative approach to traditional Writing Across the Curriculum/Writing in the Disciplines programs, WACommunities engages language diversity as a reflection of deep cultural connections locally, regionally, nationally, and globally. WACommunities represents the first sustained WAC/WID approach in the United States that foregrounds linguistic diversity in an institution-wide literacy education initiative. WACommunities recognizes the heterogeneity within all linguistic codes and language varieties, including the multiple variations of world Englishes represented globally. WACommunities accepts the notion that the acquisition of academic literacy (and standardized American English) enhances students' communicative resources, yet asserts that academic literacy education should not seek to erase students' vernacular discourses. Finally, it advocates for culturally responsive approaches to literacy education across and beyond the curriculum. WACommunities aligns the intellectual resources of the humanities (rhetoric, critical theory, cultural studies, and sociolinguistics) toward reconfiguring educational spaces and constituting more inclusive teaching practices that press the limits of institutional rhetorical imagination by advocating for linguistic diversity and students' right to their own languages and promoting methods that foreground students' cultural rhetorical ecologies to reshape social environments for greater inclusion and social justice. WACommunities resists the reproduction of hegemonic language practices in English literacy education through the application of principles of translingual/transcultural citizenship in the teaching of writing across the curriculum. This entry considers the underlying support, both theoretical and empirical, for the localized application and institutionalizatio--n of WACommunities approaches to K?16 literacy education. Background Wearing a face mask is one of the most effective personal protective strategies to diminish the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several dermatological outcomes were reported because of the prolonged use of face masks, especially due to the constant mask-on policy, but the photoprotective effect of face masks has received less attention. Objective To provide guidance in the use of face masks by comparing the photoprotective effects of routinely used masks. Methods A total of 12 frequently used face masks were tested, including certified respirators, Korea filter (KF)94, KF-anti-droplet (KF-AD), and KF80. The amount of light that penetrates each face mask was measured using a light sensor that can quantify Ultraviolet A (UVA), visible light (VL), and infrared A (IR-A) rays. Results Black-colored KF94 masks and surgical masks reduced penetration of UVA, VL, and IR-A by approximately 100%. The UVA penetration decreased on average by 95.51%, 90.97%, 85.06%, and 86.41% with white-colored KF94, KF-AD, KF80, and surgical masks, respectively. The VL and IR-A were blocked by approximately 75.58%, 66.16%, 59.18%, and 64.48% with white-colored KF94, KF-AD, KF80, and surgical masks, respectively. Conclusion In conclusion, the different photoprotective effectiveness of face masks was mainly determined by colors, and therefore, black colored, multi-layered respirators can be recommended in terms of photoprotection in the COVID-19 pandemic. The quantified comparative results will be helpful to the person with pre-existing photo-aggravated dermatosis, especially in the season of the high intensity of sunlight.

What type of face mask should we choose in coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic considering photoprotective effectiveness?

BACKGROUND: Wearing a face mask is one of the most effective personal protective strategies to diminish the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several dermatological outcomes were reported because of the prolonged use of face masks, especially due to the constant mask-on policy, but the photoprotective effect of face masks has received less attention. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide guidance in the use of face masks by comparing the photoprotective effects of routinely used masks. METHODS: A total of 12 frequently used face masks were tested, including certified respirators, Korea filter (KF)94, KF-anti-droplet (KF-AD), and KF80. The amount of light that penetrates each face mask was measured using a light sensor that can quantify Ultraviolet A (UVA), visible light (VL), and infrared A (IR-A) rays. RESULTS: Black-colored KF94 masks and surgical masks reduced penetration of UVA, VL, and IR-A by approximately 100%. The UVA penetration decreased on average by 95.51%, 90.97%, 85.06%, and 86.41% with white-colored KF94, KF-AD, KF80, and surgical masks, respectively. The VL and IR-A were blocked by approximately 75.58%, 66.16%, 59.18%, and 64.48% with white-colored KF94, KF-AD, KF80, and surgical masks, respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the different photoprotective effectiveness of face masks was mainly determined by colors, and therefore, black-colored, multi-layered respirators can be recommended in terms of photoprotection in the COVID-19 pandemic. The quantified comparative results will be helpful to the person with pre-existing photo-aggravated dermatosis, especially in the season of the high intensity of sunlight.

What level of photoprotection can be obtained using facial mask? Determining effectiveness using an in vitro method.

It has become a general practice worldwide to wear a face mask serving as a barrier against the transmission of pathogens. This has prompted us to investigate whether masks could also protect our skin from UV radiation. We have studied eight masks, four surgical and four "homemade" using an in vitro method. The study demonstrated that they all offered protection against both UVB and UVA radiation. As with clothing, fabric masks offer the highest level of protection against UV radiation.